A numerical trace: elapsed time is not hands-on time Blank worksheet and worked example Customer boundary: __________________________ Entry / delivery timestamps: __________________________ Recorded handling episodes: __________________________ Overlap and missing observations: __________________________ Elapsed / touch duration: __________________________ Next gap to investigate: __________________________ Completed example Customer boundary: Request received → useful delivery Entry / delivery timestamps: 09:00 → 11:00; same fictional day Recorded handling episodes: 09:10–09:25; 10:00–10:20; 10:55–11:00 Overlap and missing observations: No overlaps in this teaching trace Elapsed / touch duration: 120 min / 40 min Next gap to investigate: 80 min outside recorded touch; not a waste claim Elapsed: 09:00–11:00 = 120 min / Recorded touch: 15 + 20 + 5 = 40 min / Other interval: 80 min; explanation unknown